Citation of bibliographical references

Bibliographical references are presented according to APA guidelines.

General specifications

  1. a) Sinéctica does not accept footnotes, except for the initial footnote to point out some aspect concerning the article, for example, financing, clarification of the article’s origin, etc.
  2. b) Include the URL or doi of electronic publications cited in the bibliographical references.
  3. c) The names of the authors cited should appear in full in the list of references without abbreviations (this is essential to comply with the marking requested by the indexes in which the journal is indexed).

Specifications for in-text citations

  1. a) The author-date citation method is used: the author’s surname and year of publication are inserted in the proper place within the text. Example:

            -According to Bull (2004) or (Bull, 2004)

  1. b) In a paragraph it is not necessary to include the year in subsequent references to a study, as long as it is not confused with other studies cited in the article. Example:

           - In a recent study of reaction times, Walker (2000) described the method… Walked also found that…

  1. c) If there are three authors, all are cited always.
  2. d) If there are more than three authors, the first one is cited followed by et al. Example:

            - (Orozco et al., 2004).

  1. e) Corporate authors are written in full in the first citation and abbreviated thereafter. Example:

- (World Health Organization [WHO], 1994)

            - (WHO, 1994)

  1. f) When the general idea of a work is referred to, no page number is required.
  2. g) When a work does not have an author, the first words of the title or article and the year are cited in the text. Italics are used for books, but not for articles. Example:

            - (Niños de la calle, 2003)

            - (La situación política de México, 2005)

  1. h) Citations of two or more works within the same parentheses should appear in the same order as in the list of references. Example:

            - (Morales, 1984, 1992)

  1. i) Works by the same author with the same date of publication are identified with the suffixes a, b, c, and so on, after the year. The suffixes are placed in the list of references in alphabetical order by title. Example:

            - (González, 2004a and 2004b).

  1. j) Two or more works by different authors who are cited within one pair of parentheses are placed in alphabetical order by the first author’s surname. Citations are separated by semicolons. Example:

            - (Balderas, 1980; Cardona, 2007; Funk, 1990)

  1. k) When a work has no publication date, the abbreviation s.f. (no date, in its initials in Spanish) is written after the surname. Example:

            - (Minor, s.f.)

  1. l) To cite a specific part of a source, the page, chapter, figure, or table is indicated after the year and in abbreviated form. Example:

            - (Bustamante, 2004, p. 60)

            - (Maldonado, 1999, chap. 3)

  1. m) For references to interviews in the text, the last name, interview, and year of the interview should appear in parentheses. Example:

            - (López, interview, 2003).

  1. n) A reference to information without an author, contained in the press, should be presented as follows: newspaper, abbreviated date, page of the section. Example:

            - (Panorama, November 7, 2003, pp. 1-3).

ñ) Laws are cited with corporate author and year. Example:

            - (National Assembly, 2000).

  1. o) Personal communications are cited only in the text. The initial of the correspondent’s first name plus surname are provided, along with the date. Example:

            -T. Godínez (personal communication, April 18, 2001)

Specifications for preparing the list of references

  1. a) All authors cited in the text should appear in the bibliographical references.
  2. b) The reference of each author cited should be complete: author’s name, date of publication, title of the work, place of publication and publisher.